the just to take away the journey, the destination, the right size based document trees research before they main street, the young women in japan breathing new like same to an old tradition the any rock we looked at, the impacts of climate change on house and we ask why are we so hooked on lithium batteries? the,

to understand why lithium make such a good battery. we need to know how a battery actually works. and if you hear a battery, this is probably what comes to mind. this one is rechargeable, and made of lift them. we can make a super simple circuit with a battery, 2 wires and an l. e. d. is seen for the terms of it, but city a stays more controllable. and ernesto julio calvo is a professor and researcher who has spent the past 12 years focusing on lithium. you bought a lot of energy, you need a very small phase. you want to get out all this energy very fast and you control away and not in an explosion. this works to the movement of electrons and ions. electrons are tiny, negatively charged particles that float around. adams. ions are items that have lost or gains and electron. this battery contains lithium, graphite co, all,

and the liquid batteries have negatively and positively charged size. lithium ions and electrons on one side of the battery when connected to a circuit, electronics travel outside the battery along the circuit generating electricity. the electricity goes from negative to positive flowing through the l a. b, in the middle. meanwhile, what's left in the battery is lithium ion. that's where the lithium ion battery gets its name. the ions travel inside the battery from the graphite to the co bulk . when it's recharging, they go in the other direction. but batteries basically destroy themselves in the process. either they lose their ability to create electricity or chemicals build up on the electrodes. as batteries age the electrons trouble less than less efficiently and the battery lose its capacity. the metals can also grow into spike's, which can short circuit the battery, in the worst case of battery failure, big night and explode. so a good battery can store a lot of energy without exploding and doesn't quickly lose its capacity. one of the

many reasons why lithium makes a great battery is that unlike lead or acid, cliff humans only mildly talks and these new lithium batteries can store more energy per graham than any other battery ever invented. what makes with themes so great weirdly, is that it's super reactive so i got my hands on some lithium which should be 99 percent pure. going to try and put it in some water and see what happens. but um, safety 1st. it's a really soft metal, so it should be completely breakable just with my fingers. wow, look at that. so that's the lithium inside. it's reacting with the oxygen in the air so fast that the metal is already darkening. we're going to try and put this little bit of lithium in some water and see what happens. okay, so i'm going to choose lou.

i do understand why this happens. we need to look at electronics. again, lithium loses electrons and creates ions really easily. that means that the ions inside the battery move around really quickly and efficiently. that makes the batteries able to charge faster, have a longer live site goes and above all store more energy. aside from its ability to store energy, the theme is also winter when it comes to weight. all of these can be used in batteries, but they would make the batteries heavier. that's because the lithium is the least dense metal on the planet. the fact that it's so extremely light makes it the best option for electronics. one of the main reasons computers in this size instead of the massive machine they were in the eighty's, is the invention of the lithium ion battery. it's also by far the best option for electric cars, buses, and plants, because the light of the vehicle, the less energy it takes to move it around. and that's why our appetite for lithium is skyrocketing. according to the international energy agency,

demand for lithium could increase between 13 and 51 times by 2040 australia is the top producer of lithium, followed by chile. but other countries around the world are ramping up production to meet the mass of global demand in 2022 global with and production. was that a 130000 metric tons? that's quadrupled from 2010. when production was a little over $28000.00 metric tons, the good news is that we technically have enough of it in the ground, according to some estimates around $80000000.00 metric tons of it around 10 kilos per person on the planet. but just because those white goal is abundant, doesn't mean it's easy to get, getting it out of the ground can be slow and costly. and the mining and refining processes are concentrated in a few countries. that means that the demand for it is quickly pacing the current available supply. this bottleneck is also raising the price after 2020 prices of raw materials went up for a while, others came down with the i'm just cont,

new to increase. and mining itself comes with its own host of problems extracting lithium from rock or requires a lot of energy often powered by fossil fuels. what's better, it's extracting it from brian water that's mixed with minerals to bay. the last just process is to evaporate, these brang was that inverted shuttle bones which are extremely large, let's say the 1000 times a football stadium. brian mines used thousands of leaders of water for one kind of lift them into a lithium mining is already led to water shortages in the area and diverted water from local communities. the mines can also cause toil degradation and disrupt local eco system. and then there's the whole problem of what happens to the batteries after we're done with them. although the lithium itself can be used, lithium batteries, deteriorate, and most of them land in the trash. one obvious solution is to create infrastructure to recycle lithium batteries. that's what happened with lead

batteries. student government regulation, 99 percent of lead batteries in the us are recycled? recycling with families entirely new technology. but it's catching up. lithium ion battery recycling is expected to increase to $420.00 killer tons per year by 2030 up from the current 50 killer tons per year. better. lithium batteries are also on the wet cobalt which is mines in very problematic conditions, could be replaced with nickel menu square iron, or the graphite in the battery could be swapped for graphs. theme. it's made by taking the layer of graphite just like this, and making it progressively thinner and thinner until it turns into a single layer of carbon atoms. graphing is the strongest material ever discovered, and more conductive than graphite. you can also make the inside of the battery solid instead of liquid to make it less likely to explode. most of this is still in the lab, but these advances could make the battery safer, longer lasting and storm or energy,

which could also make them more attractive for storing large amounts of renewable energy on a grid scale. so it certainly doesn't look like our addiction to lithium is going away any time soon because lithium dominates the battery worlds and for good reason, [000:00:00;00] the ones that thailand is noticed that the rock is one of the country's most affected by climate change worldwide temperatures of over 50 degrees celsius are becoming more common, making people sick. ali, whose same is on his way to the local well around him. signs of climate change are everywhere. okay. there's no water. the well is dry. he tells his son. so this used to be

a rocks most fertile region, but the country has suffered a severe drought for years in a row of the 60 families in the village, 40 of left. ivy. hussein's family is one of the few still here at the bottom of just 4 years ago. we fund the last year, but drought has turned our land into desert. we had to give a title without farming, there was no income. his 5 children face an uncertain future. the ground water here is salty. iraq is less and less fresh water in the countryside and in the cities. climate change is to blame, as are the water policies of neighboring iran and turkey. the 2 countries have built a numerous dams leaving too little water for a rock down stream. because of the salty ground water, the children have source and open wounds on their skin. i found it no longer. it's

very painful, sometimes the clothes stick to the wounds, which makes it even worse. the rising temperatures are also contributing to the spread of disease, like least when i, as as transmitted by sam slot. and i thought i need something high and being 2nd to transmit to the infection which causes fever. it's happened a lot here in the region. ali husein and his daughter is newer and saundra r lucky. b, a rocky red crescent, has come to their village, nor is hands are terribly h. e. sandra often finds it hard to walk because of the pain. she has felicia, my nicest and insidious disease. it affects the skin, liver, spleen, and bone marrow age i ever see tested today was a high high dollar. how came up here on the left, john and his team are seeing more and more cases like this. they want to raise awareness. medical help is expensive and the newest hospital is 50 kilometers away

. the rocky red crescent regularly travels across the country, visiting villages, q and a boo boo. i shed the people are a little better off. the village community has dug a well. she needs to though the ground water contains too much salt. and so for a question that this facility has changed their lives, it supplies the village and neighboring villages with clean water, 2000 meters per hour. are the sale unaided intimate fit to drink tighter how to him and his team have distributed over 60 water tanks and the region. a helpful on the facility is a lifetime for people here to read. christian technical partners are working to build a series of facilities to alleviate the water shortage which is often done what so every week they check the salt content every week. they have to change the filters . there's no alternative the village needs more than one facility like this. many surrounding village is separate from

a lack of drinking water and water for dish washing and showering. yeah, that was the oldest to him. i last saw living with climate change. awareness is important for children to, to hide our hotel and his teen talk about infectious diseases and show them how to wash their hands properly. that can save lives on it. well, so far they're open no debts, but we're seeing that the lack of drinking water, drought, and dessert if occasion are causing a rise and skin diseases and to poisoning you're done with all i did them some other coating or how didn't know i'm about to deal to unlock the some of the to just add them to for them outside of head to show, according to the un here. rock is the 5th most vulnerable country, the climate breakdown. it also has a rapidly growing population. in that case, a perfect example that we need to reinforce our health systems to cope. we've been devastating consequences of climate change on our health so that they feel assistance that already over to well and not with the climate change. that would be

totally co ops. if we don't know to prefer then better, and if we don't send finance of resources, ali who's saying would like to stay here with this family. but the conditions are getting increasingly difficult. 5 and my husband, these 2 of them of the how the water you can see here is brought to us by car 1000 leaders every week for us in our animals. that's not enough to mike our lead. hussein's family could soon become climate refugees in their own country, like one and a half 1000000 people in iraq. the pollution resulting from burning oil gas and cold kills 5000000 people. yeah, that's more than

a b city. malaria or alcohol binding fossil fuels produces toxic policy, cold, tiny enough to enter the lungs. this particular message is among the main causes of strokes, cancer and diabetes. it's time for change for pedro amount to a rebate. daily activities like climbing stairs pose a big challenge. i have a lung disease i'm suffering my struggle to breathe properly, to wherever the 74 year old retiree is one of hundreds of thousands of people in lima suffering from respiratory diseases ranging from acute infections to long and heart complaints. city authorities say hundreds of people die every year as a result of respiratory disease. the peruvian capital has

a big health problem. pedro met a rebate, has a weekly check up at the hospital, the care and medication he receives here as an approved his quality of life. most of young beneficiary. good. what are you doing? perfect, bye bye. now please remove your mask. i think the we have many patients like paid your month rebate, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, what seal pd close here, you and in other hospitals, in lima. and it's something that the castle is what's interesting is that many of them have never smoked. we'll see they're only very little. yes, even if it's the disease is similar. does that sound in other countries among heavy smokers and that is a multi goes, we believe it is linked to environmental pollution. that conclusion borne out in many studies, i mean only think that because it's still just pulling up the lima, it has more than $10000000.00 residents. air pollution levels are high mainly from traffic in industry.

the in 2022 lima record. the 2nd highest levels of particulate matter pollution in latin america. after santiago did chilly, but experts say air quality measurements and lima are inadequate. now the situation is likely far worse than previously thoughts prove and company kyra is looking for solutions. it is developed low cost measuring devices and a digital tool aimed at making information on air pollution and lima accessible to all the other success. i'm also wondering if we zooming on lima. we look at the information that's publicly available in the surveillance network. the green is good, yellow motorists, and orange and red badge holes. most of most critical value is 2.5, which means particulate matter of 2.5. my chromatism must be no and those are the

finest particles. the very small ones, the end to the respiratory tract and then penetrate the human body some into the bloodstream possible if it was a heating it. using this data, city authorities have taken steps, reduce emissions and heavily affected areas. some parts of the storage center are now close to vehicles but more needs to be done is this. environmental activists have spent years reinforcing the hills around lima to the pacific ocean on one side and the mountains on the other. are the capitals only natural borders. vegetation here traps, dust particles in suspended matter, helping to improve air quality. they have also installed

a network of fug catchers. these collect water from the regions dense winter fog this hello. this is crystal clear water. yes, i was not even more than we diverted into collection point like this one here. hold on and even use it for drip irrigation. lima is green, long has been subject to deforestation for more than 400 years. new settlements in industries continue to be constructed on the outskirts of the city. the long term systematic deforestation has had a negative impact on the cities. health. local reforestation work has held kirby rosen, but it's not enough for an experts. a far wider scale effort is required since they do need to prove produce is less than 0.08 percent of globalization sold enough. and so if one day lee malware to no longer made many gas or polluting, this plan would still be polluted across here. hold up and then we allow non stop

pollution or climate change afford effect and we will be the ones who suffer you from give you much the bills. he's one of the, most of the work here with his doctors help pedro much rebate as managed to reduce some of his pain the, to now enjoy a short walk around his neighborhood and some independence. now more than ever, there was an urgent need to reduce emissions and improve air quality in lima. and across the world, the stain balanced, positioning the arrow, and drawing the boat at full gallop, i suppose to relinquish his control to her horse. spade. she knows exactly what he's doing and that let's or concentrate on her stance and taking aim

the most. indeed, i only take my hands off the horse with my trust and completely that's the most important thing. this trust has had time to evolve. our 1st met spade when he was to and she was 7 since then the to have been inseparable growing up in the country side of northern japan and i am worry prefecture to share a passion for you. i will send me japanese mounted archery centuries ago. yup. who said it was thought to be good practice for the battle field, but her gilding spade is far too peace, loving for that one. okay, so you probably run away from the enemy picking the smith

foot. archery is no longer an art of war. and the ritual and ceremonial aspects of your boost to me aren't taken all that seriously anymore either. was a normal day. that's a really huge starts. you have. it's been ages since i've seen any that size of 50 percent of the okay here and rule japan is experiencing a revival as a leisure support. women like all of us, we stay in the early twenties are reinterpreting, the centuries old tradition, the nation of the day, high, high points. we might look at me in this direction. so all that's right, just like that. so you have to stay flexible. when trainer, are you good? coming more, a started out. 15 years ago, mounted archery was still

a male domain. on the saturday, i'm assuming i had to put up with a lot back then they told the women had no business being here. and just see if i ask you all this, i'm in the sort of the even side, and i don't want to even hear the word jefferson a coming out of your mouth. got you? i was, i'm at the or what about the stuck in the united option? what the mountain archery might have died out in japan, if it weren't for these young women's a to z. as in japan has an aging dwindling population. young people are drawn to the cities, always lose his passion for your boots, and that is what keeps her in the country side of the the spoke the other, some of those great, but more people are becoming interested in. yep. losing it again, still more was he talking about them, but it seems like it has less appeal for boys. when you've heard another party equal to the optimal, it will probably soon be an all female support to. for the one level cutting that's

up, i don't know if it comes with a lot of it's given, the family has always supported her pass and she's been winning competition fit since 10th grade. does her mother is selling the garment for her next event from chemo. know fabric it was listed wants to dazzle at the tournament the which one do you want? when are the most guests coming? we'll give you 30 to sunday. then this one's for sunday, very well to get used to the another seat on the main looks aren't my style pink is out of the question. so many of our small town of toyota has boldly proclaimed the tournament to be the world championship. somewhat wishful thinking on the part of

the organizer gets from abroad rarely make their way here. but for iris, who say such computations are crucial for the sports future. if you have wisdom, it is to survive. it has to look good. so looking at the hicks and you could come up today, the archers used to pick themselves read before they went into battle, the created and whom a man with the next. why do the same now the unless it has it has done. this is the, the competition is almost exclusively female. rules requires 3 shots at full gallop . the archers have just fractions of the 2nd, the aim,

the shoes. that's exhausting the modem. it's not over for you yet. there's still another round the funds are there? one of the terms of your boost to me is that it's a sport that's open to everyone to just take on your medical women and men of all ages. you can model i'm assuming they're brave enough to attempt the wild right already to compete against the very best the an honor that once again goes to ice listing the would you like move insights and solutions from around the world? if you want to meet the people fight, takes climate change,

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d. w. after ready with nato soldiers from through india secure eastern florida, the 393 tank battalion is the speed ahead of the rapid reaction. it defends with the way, now if an emergency strikes with will raging in ukraine, this danger is getting close to our calls for the set top in says he minutes on d. w. the you can draw the line between the space is because i don't believe that space is, is i'm hourly relevant criteria. and any more than i believe that rice or 6 is on frontier in. 2 should. 2 2 humans closer to a chimpanzee vanishing. pansy is even to

a dog. a dr. series about our complex relationship with animals. watch now on youtube. dw documentary, this shadows. these pod costs and videos shed light on the dog is devastating. colonial har is infected by germany across and he employed to score supposed tactics, good farms and destroyed lights. what is the legacy of this wide spread race as depression today? history? we need to talk about here, the stories, shadows of german colonialism. welcome to the tire timelines, capital for 6th tourism. in germany. if you go to a faucet, you do pay twice or $3.00 times as much and the other half the service in 2023, a documentary on colored corruption in child abuse. the youngest one, for example,

let me show you. this was her. now the film team investigate the was exactly have changed the red lights, dark shadows, 6 tours and stuff to the 16th on dw, the, the, the, this is dw news. and these, our top story is mohammed unice has been sworn in as the new prime minister of bangladesh. before the ceremony eunice praised to the students who over through the authoritarian government of his predecessor, shaken, seen it. he said they'd saved bangladesh given the nation a 2nd, independence and official in the course. the region of rush us as fighting, is continuing in an area where russian, where ukrainian force has made a significant cross border incursion. this week and aid and ukraine's presidential

office blamed moss scale for any escalation,